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Annealing, normalizing, quenching, tempering... Can you tell these heat treatments apart?

The purpose of heat treatment is to enhance the mechanical properties of materials, relieve residual stresses, and improve the machinability of metals. According to the different objectives of heat treatment, the process can be divided into two major categories: preliminary heat treatment and final heat treatment. 1. Preliminary Heat Treatment The purpose of preliminary heat treatment is to improve machinability, eliminate internal stresses, and prepare a favorable microstructure for subsequent final heat treatment. The common heat treatment processes included in this category are annealing, normalizing, aging, and tempering. (1) Annealing and Normalizing Annealing and normalizing are typically applied to workpieces that have undergone hot working. For carbon steels and alloy steels with a carbon content exceeding 0.5%, annealing is often employed to reduce their hardness and make them easier to machine.

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2022

What are the different heat treatment methods for gear forgings?

During the manufacturing process, gear forgings all require heat treatment, which involves artificial heating, holding at a specific temperature, and controlled cooling to achieve the desired performance characteristics. Typically, the heat treatment methods for gear forgings are as follows: 1. Surface Hardening of Gear Forgings: This method is commonly used for medium-carbon steels such as 45 and 40Cr, as well as other medium-carbon alloy steels. After surface hardening, the hardness of the tooth surfaces usually falls within the range of 40 to 55 HRC. Such gear forgings exhibit excellent resistance to fatigue pitting, strong resistance to galling, and superior wear resistance. Since the core of the gear remains unhardened, these forgings retain sufficient toughness and can withstand relatively small impact loads. 2. Carburizing and Quenching of Gear Forgings: This method is often applied to low-carbon steels and materials such as 20 and 20Cr.

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2022

What are the main types of heat treatment processes?

(1) Quenching. For hypoeutectoid steels with a carbon content of less than 0.8%—which include low- and medium-carbon steels— the quenching heating temperature is 30 to 50°C above the A3 line. At this temperature, the steel is held for a specific period to ensure that its microstructure completely transforms into austenite. Subsequently, the steel is rapidly cooled in water or oil, preventing the austenite from decomposing into pearlite and ferrite and instead causing it to form martensite. This process is called quenching. However, ordinary low-carbon steels with a carbon content below 0.25% are not easily quenched into martensite due to their low carbon content. Martensite is a solid solution in which carbon is dissolved in body-centered cubic iron lattice. Under a microscope, martensite appears as a white, needle-like structure. Its

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2022

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Equipment Service: +86-15923378884 (Mr. Yin)

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Jingkou Factory

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Email: yin.youzhi@fengdong.com

Address: No. 5, Jingsheng Road, Jingkou Industrial Park, Shapingba District, Chongqing, China.

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Phone: +86-13648364855 (Mr. Gao)

Email: gao.xinjie@fengdong.com

Address: No. 219, Donglin Avenue, Biquan Subdistrict, Bishan District, Chongqing, China.

Equipment Service：+86-15923378884

Processing Services：+86-13648364855

Email：yin.youzhi@fengdong.com

Email：gao.xinjie@fengdong.com

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